Summary ⁷

The ruff (Philomachus pugnax) is a medium-sized wading bird that breeds in marshes and wet meadows across northern Eurasia. This highly gregarious sandpiper is migratory and sometimes forms huge flocks in its winter grounds, which include southern and western Europe, Africa, southern Asia and Australia. It is usually considered to be the only member of its genus, and the broad-billed and sharp-tailed sandpipers are its closest relatives.

Sources and Credits

1. (c) nick ford, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC-ND), http://www.flickr.com/photos/23000678@N05/3549637498
2. (c) Gidzy, some rights reserved (CC BY), http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3225/3120791023_51dd7813b7_o.jpg
3. (c) Gidzy, some rights reserved (CC BY), http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3051/3108019513_fb90903bd0.jpg
4. (c) Gidzy, some rights reserved (CC BY), http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3266/3243570461_90ab9ecaf9.jpg
5. (c) Gidzy, some rights reserved (CC BY), http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4037/4319712147_d419a2984e.jpg
6. (c) Ferran Pestaña, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1131/5140160102_2f28d9d2cd.jpg
7. (c) Wikipedia, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calidris_pugnax

More Info

• iNaturalist.ca taxon page
• Animal Diversity Web
• Atlas of Living Australia
• Biodiversity Heritage Library
• BOLD Systems BIN search
• CalPhotos
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
• Maryland Biodiversity Project
• NatureServe Explorer 2.0
• NBN Atlas
• VertNet
• Xeno-canto
• 日本のレッドデータ検索システム

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