Taiwan Dragonflies and Damselflies's Journal

黃基蜻蜓是臺灣高海拔靜水域常見的種類，甚至到3000公尺的高山湖泊都有牠們的蹤影，黃基蜻蜓 Sympetrum speciosum Oguma, 1915 原先有幾個亞種，臺灣的黃基蜻蜓由朝比奈正二郎(ASAHINA Syoziro) 發表為臺灣特有亞種 Sympetrum speciosum taiwanum Asahina, 1951，笹本彰彦 (SASAMOTO Akihiko)等人 Sasamoto et al. (2018) 做了分子生物學的分析，其結果支持黃基蜻蜓各亞種沒有明顯的族群分化 (這篇把臺灣的當作是指名亞種而非 taiwanum)，但此篇並沒有做分類處理。Kalkman et al. 2020重新檢視Sasamoto et al. (2018) 的文章認為證據充分，不需要將這個種區分亞種，因此將S. speciosum taiwanum 處理為S. speciosum 的同物異名。所以現在臺灣產的黃基蜻蜓學名也應當使用 Sympetrum speciosum Oguma, 1915

參考文獻：
Kalkman, V. J., Babu, R., Bedjanič, M., Conniff, K., Gyeltshen, T., Khan, M. K., Subramanian, K. A., Zia, A. & Orr, A. G. 2020. Checklist of the dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Zootaxa 4849 (1): 1–84.
Sasamoto, A., Kawashima, I., Kompier, T. & Futahashi, R. 2018. Consideration of the taxonomical relationship of Sympetrum speciosum and its subspecies haematoneura based on adult and larval morphology and genetic analyses, with a first record of speciosum from Vietnam and larval description of haematoneura (Anisoptera: Libellulidae). Tombo 60: 79-89.

異紋春蜓在臺灣分布侷限於雙北和基隆，其在iNaturalist上面的紀錄少的可憐，在臺灣27000多筆蜻蜓紀錄中，異紋春蜓僅占了其中的4筆 (截至2022年9月)。牠原先使用的學名為Gomphidia kruegeri fukienensis Chao, 1955，但张浩淼 Zhang (2019) 認為本亞種的雄蟲肛附器、後鉤片與雌蟲下生殖板都與Gomphidia kruegeri Martin, 1904 不同，根據這些特徵將fukienensis這個亞種提升為種，因此臺灣產的異紋春蜓的學名應使用 Gomphidia fukienensis Chao, 1955 (中国名：福建小叶春蜓)

參考文獻：
Zhang, H.-M. 2019. Dragonflies and damselflies of China Vol. 1. Chongqing University Press, Chongqing, China, 736 pp.
(中国蜻蜓大图鉴 ISBN：978-7-5689-1037-8 作者：张浩淼 出版时间：2019-01-10 重慶大學書版社)

轉為收集型的專案之後，除了一些標示為私人的，或者是使用者表明不願意被加入專案的，以及缺少時間和地點資料的記錄之外，所有在台灣記錄到的蜻蛉目昆蟲都會被系統自動收集。到目前為止專案裡的記錄有27,639筆，分屬於138個物種，是2,447個人所上傳的記錄集合而成。而總共有880位使用者參與鑑定。這些記錄當中有93.06%達到了「研究等級」。（6.94%是「需要鑑定」)

Aft converting to "collection project", except some designated as private and those specified for certain projects, as well as those "casual", all the obs of Odonata logged in Taiwan are being collected automatically by the system. So far, there are 27,639 obs in the project which belong to 138 species, logged by 2,447 users. And those obs were identified by 880 individuals. 93.06% of total obs reached "Research Grade (RG)", and only 6.94% of them are "Needs ID".

就這些數據和其他亞洲國家比較，僅略遜於新加坡。目前，在亞洲排名第二。(*1)希望我們能夠持續在質和量上均有所提升，逐漸成為亞洲的第一名。

Comparing to other Asian countries, such stats only second to those of Singapore, it's at the 2nd place in Asia. Hopefully, our project continues to grow and progress, then eventually overtake the leading position in both observation quantity and quality.

「質」的提升需要更多人積極加入「鑑定」的行列，具體而言要怎麼做呢？登入 iNaturalist 的網頁之後，在最上面那一列，也就是左上角有 iNaturalist，旁邊是「搜尋」的那一列，可以找到「鑑定」，點選之後進入，然後在放大鏡符號的旁邊「搜尋物種」欄位輸入 Odonata ，(旁邊那一欄 Taiwan) 就會出現所有「需要鑑定」的觀察紀錄。然後請幫忙鑑定！或者到專案主頁，中間統計的圓形圖，由黃色和淺綠色組成的圓圈，點選黃色的部分，同樣會出現所有「需要鑑定」的觀察紀錄。每次登入 iNaturalist 時，請花一點時間幫忙一下。鑑定別人所記錄到的物種可以增加自己鑑別的能力，同時也可以了解別人觀察的角度，是一種不錯的學習方法。

Regarding quality improvement, we will need more iNat users actively taking part in "identify". After log on iNat, you can find "Identify" on the top row (which has iNaturalist on the left, then "Search" column, then after "Explore", "Your Observations" & "Community", it's "Identify") Click on "Identify". Then it leads you to the pages of obs "Needs ID". Input "Search Species" with "Odonata", ("Taiwan" in the next column) then start to identify. Or log on project main page, at the middle there is "Stats", a circle consists of yellow and light green, click on yellow part, which leads you to those obs of "Needs ID" as well. PLS spare some time identifying obs for others every time you log on iNat.

而「量」的提升就是要多觀察，並且記錄，然後上傳到 iNaturalist 上。

As to quantity increment, just pick up your camera kits or phones, go out to observe and record those species, then upload onto the iNaturalist.

Remarks:
(1) As of 11:50pm Sept. 7, Singapore's odonata obs: 28,984 by 943 observers, 445 identifiers, "Needs ID" 3.62%. (data taken from https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/dragonflies-of-singapore)

updated: 05:15pm / 03:56am, Sept. 7, 2022 (Wed)

Does Taiwan's Ischnura aurora remain as it is or be Ischnura rubilio?

「朝雲細蟌」學名應該是Ischunra aurora 還是 Ischnura rubilio？

A paper concludes that all the I. aurora found within the Australo-Pacific distribution area cluster together in a separate clade, the real I. aurora, and suggested those previously thought to be I. aurora in Asia should be I. rubilio.(1)

不久前有一份論文總結：分布在南太平洋 (紐西蘭、澳洲、玻里尼西亞) 的才是真正的Ischnura aurora，其他亞洲的I. aurora 則應是Ischnura rubilio。(1)

An identification key for the separation between I. rubilio and I. aurora was provided in the publication by Lorenzo-Carballa et al. (2022). The simplest one is the blue marking on S8: (1)
I. rubilio: entirely blue dorsally
I. aurora: with only posterior half blue dorsally

Lorenzo-Carballa 等人提出一套分辨 I. aurora 和 I. rubilio 的檢索方法，其中做簡單的分辨指標是第八腹節的藍色部分。(1)
I. rubilio 第八腹節背面全藍
I. aurora 第八腹節後半背面藍

Checking these 2 guidebooks of Taiwan's odonata in which the photos of I. aurora show that only posterior half of S8 is blue.

查閱兩本台灣的蜻蜓圖鑑發現：台灣的朝雲細蟌的照片都是第八腹節只有後半背面藍色。

1. 臺灣蜻蛉目昆蟲檢索圖鑑 (An illustrated identification guide to the Odonata of Taiwan) 林斯正、楊平世 / 特有生物保育中心 / 2016.12 (p.157)
2. 台灣120種蜻蜓圖鑑 曹美華 / 社團法人台北市野鳥學會 / 2005.1. (p.27)

Meanwhile, the data of I. aurora logged in Taiwan on iNaturalist also show only with posterior half blue on S8. (2)

同時，在 iNat 上收集到的觀察記錄也是如此：第八腹節只有後半背面藍色。(2)

Unfortunately, there is no record (of I. aurora) on iNat observed in Japan, but only one in Philippines (with 7 photos), which has posterior half blue S8.

可惜，在 iNat 上沒有收集到日本 I. aurora 「朝雲細蟌」的觀察記錄；菲律賓的僅有一筆，同樣是第八腹節背面後半藍色。
https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/109280832

This is also communicated with the webmaster of Japanese odonata website and his findings in response to the question is published on his website (& he is the person pointed out the id key of S8 stated in the paper and used it to screen out): those photos of the samples taken in Japan all demonstrate the same feature, black S8 with posterior half blue, but one in doubt, the sample collected on Ishigaki Island because photo of that sample (collected by Asahina in 1964) is not immediately available.

這問題也請教一位日本蜻蜓網站的站長(日本也有Ischunra aurora，他們叫キバライトトンボ ，查找圖鑑看S8的方法也是他提出來的，我只是仿效。)，他對Lorenzo-Carballa 等人對於 I. rubilio 分類的回應寫在網上，キバライトトンボ (I. aurora) 介紹中的＜特記事項＞。他指出一些日本採集標本和圖鑑上的照片都是第八腹節背面後半藍色，只有在石垣島採的標本無法確定。
https://www.odonata.jp/03imago/Coenagrionidae/Ischnura/aurora/index.html

The paper mentioned the samples collected from China is close to I. rubilio. In Chinese dragonfly guidebook published by Dr. Zhang(3), the distribution of I. aurora is quite limited, no costal provinces but Yunnan only. Just as stated in the paper, the photo shows I. aurora with full blue S8, which should be I. rubilio.

該論文提到在中國採到的標本都比較接近 I rubilio。而2019年张浩淼博士出版的圖鑑中「黄腹异痣蟌 」Ischnura aurora (Brauer, 1865) 的分布只有寫到云南，沿海省份都沒有分布；照片中云南產的第八腹節是全藍。

There are plenty of records of HKG on iNat; unfortunately, I. aurora is not listed in HKG. Though it's listed in Hainan, there is not any sighting report after 1930.(4)

iNat 上有很多香港的觀察記錄，可惜「朝雲細蟌」 I. aurora 並沒有分布在香港，雖然海南到曾有過記錄，但是自從 1930 後就沒有任何記錄了。(4)

Besides, I. aurora is not listed in Korea, either.(5)

此外，韓國也沒有 I. aurora. (5)

From these findings, we understand that there is a huge void in distribution between Asian continental sp. and Oceanic ones. It's quite safe to assume that those continental ones occurring from India to Yunnan belong to one "group" and those oceanic, another, from Australia, Fiji all the way to Philippines, Taiwan and Japan. Those continental ones are of I. rubilio, and oceanic, I. aurora.

從這些發現我們可以知道：在亞州大陸分布的「朝雲細蟌」 I. aurora 以及 太平洋地區分布的「朝雲細蟌」 I. aurora 之間有很大一片空白。我想我們可以說：亞州大陸分布的「朝雲細蟌」，從印度一直到雲南是一組，然後太平洋這邊，從澳洲、斐濟、一路經過菲律賓、台灣、日本的是另一組。前者大陸產的就是 I. rubilio，後者是 I. aurora.

Although it's not yet sure if the sample collected in Ishigaki Island is indeed I. aurora or should be I. rubilio, the chance of being the later is quite little. The distance btw the Island to northern Taiwan is about 240km, but it's 2000km from Yunnan & there are sea and high mountains in between.

雖然不知道朝比奈博士 1964 年在石垣島採的標本是哪一種，但是會跟大陸產的一樣的機率應該很低，畢竟石垣島到北台灣只有200公里，而到云南是2,000公里，而且這中間還有海洋和高山。

Most likely, Taiwan's Ischnura aurora just remains as it is, need not to change taxa.

十之八九，「朝雲細蟌」學名應該還會是 Ischunra aurora，不用改變。

備註 / Remarks：
(1) Lorenzo-Carballa, M. O., Sanmartín-Villar, I, Cordero-Rivera, A. 2022. Molecular and morphological analyses support different taxonomic units for Asian and Australo-Pacific forms of Ischnura aurora (Odonata, Coenagrionidae). Diversity 14: 606. https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/14/8/606/htm
(2) https://www.inaturalist.org/observations?project_id=15085&taxon_id=103480&place_id=any&verifiable=any
(3) p. 1335, 中国蜻蜓大图鉴 ISBN：978-7-5689-1037-8 作者：张浩淼 / 重慶大學出版社 / 2019-01-10
(4) p. 188- p.189, 蜻蟌之地-海南蜻蜓图鉴 (A Field Guide to the Dragonflies of Hainan) 作者：韦庚武(Graham REELS)、张浩淼 (ZHANG Haomiao) / 中國林業出版社 / 2015/09/01
(5) Odonata list of Korea https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=2427489&categoryId=51361&cid=42478

last edited 04:43pm, Sept 12, 2022 (Mon)

The project was established on Sept. 26, 2017, and had format change a month ago (Aug. 26). Nowadays, the project is of collection type, which the system automatically collect all the obs of Odonata logged in Taiwan.

本專案是在2017年9 月26 日成立的，而在一個月前，更改為收集型專案。現在系統會自動收集所有在台灣記錄到的蜻蛉目昆蟲。

There are 28,515 obs, 138 species, with 892 identifiers & 2,497 observers with 163 members. Among these obs, 1,705 are of "Needs ID", which is 5.98%.

本專案現在共有 28,515 筆記錄，138物種，有 892 個鑑定者，2,497 個觀察者，而當中有 163 個會員。這些記錄中，有 1,705 筆仍有待鑑定，比例約為 5.98%。

The short-term quantitative and qualitative goals: our obs is closing in with Singapore's, the gap is now less than 900. Hopefully, those of "Needs ID" can keep below 6%.

短期量和值的目標：我們的觀察記錄與亞州第一的新加坡相較，相差不到 900 筆了。另外，有待鑑定的比例也希望能保持在 6% 以下。

Thank you for everyone who uploaded obs of Odonata in Taiwan, helping id the species. Should you have any suggestion on the project, pls feel free to leave your comments or drop me few lines.

感謝每一位上傳蜻蛉目觀察記錄以及協助鑑定的 iNat 使用者，如有任何建議或指教，敬請留言，或是直接寫 email 給我。